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2.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(4): 409-424, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387890

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its associated factors for women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods A systematic reviewwas conducted (last updatedMay 2020).Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse-variance for fixed models with summary proportion calculation by Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. Results Our review identified 31 studies, comprising 4,006 participants. All the studies had at least one weakness, mainly due to the use of convenience sampling and small sample size. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and both deficiency and insufficiency were 35% (confidence interval, 95%CI: 34-37%), 42% (95%CI: 41-44%), and 72% (95%CI: 71-74%), respectively. Conclusion Although the magnitude of the prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D is uncertain, the evidence suggests that presence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women of reproductive age can cause moderate to severe problems.


Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D e seus fatores associados para mulheres em idade fértil no Brasil. Métodos Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada (última atualização em maio de 2020). As meta-análises foram realizadas usando o inverso da variância para o modelo fixo com cálculo de proporção sumarizada por transformação arco-seno duplo de Freeman-Tukey. A qualidade metodológica e de reporte foi avaliada usando a ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute para estudos de prevalência. Resultados Nossa revisão identificou 31 estudos, compreendendo 4.006 participantes. Todos os estudos apresentaram pelo menos uma limitação, principalmente devido ao uso de amostra de conveniência e tamanho amostral pequeno. As prevalências gerais de deficiência, insuficiência e deficiência de vitamina D foram 35% (intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 34-37%), 42% (IC 95%: 41-44%) e 72% (IC 95%: 71-74%), respectivamente. Conclusão Embora a magnitude da prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D seja incerta, a evidência sugere que presença de deficiência ou insuficiência de vitamina D em mulheres em idade reprodutiva pode causar problemas moderados a graves.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Vitamin D Deficiency , Cholecalciferol , Nutritional Epidemiology
3.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 46: e166, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450190

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central (SNC) potencialmente associados ao uso de medicamentos para profilaxia ou tratamento da COVID-19, bem como caracterizar os indivíduos acometidos. Métodos. Desenvolveu-se uma revisão de escopo a partir de estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram incluídos estudos com indivíduos que utilizaram medicamentos como medida profilática ou curativa para COVID-19 e que apresentaram ao menos um evento adverso no SNC. Foram excluídos os artigos que reportaram eventos adversos no SNC potencialmente associados a medicamentos para outras condições de saúde. Resultados. Recuperaram-se 1 547 artigos, dos quais oito atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Em sete estudos, o desenho foi do tipo observacional. Foram analisados 3 035 indivíduos, dos quais 1 701 eram profissionais da saúde e 1 978, mulheres. A terapia mais utilizada foi a curativa (n = 5), com hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir e azitromicina. Os eventos adversos comumente descritos foram dor de cabeça, tontura, distúrbios de humor e sonolência. Suicídio foi o evento grave mais frequente. Seis eventos foram inesperados para hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina e doxiciclina (mioclonias, tremor, distúrbio de marcha, disgeusia, hiperidrose e inquietação). Conclusão. Os eventos adversos no SNC foram inespecíficos e, geralmente, potencialmente associados ao uso de hidroxicloroquina em monoterapia ou em associação para tratamento curativo da COVID-19. Os dados corroboram a relação desfavorável de risco/benefício desses medicamentos na prevenção e no manejo dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2.


ABSTRACT Objective. To identify central nervous system (CNS) adverse events potentially associated with prophylaxis or drug treatment for COVID-19, and to describe the characteristic of the individuals affected. Methods. A scoping review was performed using a search strategy to retrieve articles from PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL and BVS databases. Studies reporting on individuals receiving prophylactic or curative drugs for COVID-19 with at least one CNS adverse event were included. Articles reporting on CNS adverse events associated with medication for other health conditions were excluded. Results. The search retrieved 1 547 articles, eight of which met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies had an observational design. A total of 3 035 individuals were assessed, of whom 1 701 were health care professionals and 1 978 were women. Curative treatment with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and azithromycin was the most frequent (n = 5). The most common adverse events were headache, dizziness, mood disturbances, and drowsiness. Suicide was the most frequent severe event. Six adverse events were unexpected for hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and doxycycline. Conclusion. Potential CNS adverse events were unspecific and in general potentially associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine (monotherapy or associated with antibiotics). The data confirm the unfavorable risk/benefit profile of these drugs for the prevention and management of signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar los eventos adversos en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) potencialmente relacionados con el uso de medicamentos empleados para profilaxis o tratamiento de la COVID-19, y caracterizar a las personas afectadas. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria a partir de una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS). Se incluyeron estudios de personas que emplearon medicamentos con fines profilácticos o curativos para la COVID-19 y presentaron al menos un evento adverso en el SNC. Se excluyeron los artículos en los cuales se notificaron eventos adversos en el SNC potencialmente relacionados con medicamentos para tratar otros problemas de salud. Resultados. Se recuperaron 1 547 artículos, de los cuales ocho cumplieron con los criterios de admisibilidad. Siete estudios tuvieron un diseño observacional. Se analizaron 3 035 personas, de las cuales 1 701 eran profesionales de salud y 1 978, mujeres. El tratamiento más utilizado fue el curativo (n = 5), con hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir y azitromicina. Los eventos adversos comúnmente citados fueron dolor de cabeza, mareos, trastornos del estado de ánimo y somnolencia. El suicidio fue el evento grave más frecuente. Seis eventos inesperados (mioclonías, temblor, trastorno de la marcha, disgeusia, hiperhidrosis y desasosiego) guardaron relación con el empleo de hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina y doxiciclina. Conclusión. Los eventos adversos del SNC fueron inespecíficos y, en general, posiblemente estuvieron relacionados con el uso de hidroxicloroquina (sola o combinada) para el tratamiento curativo de la COVID-19. Los datos corroboran la relación desfavorable de riesgo/beneficio de esos medicamentos en la prevención y el manejo de los signos y síntomas de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2.

4.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 43: e20210236, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1394993

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience of the implementation of pharmaceutical care in a geriatric hospital unit and to propose an instructional protocol for the practice. Methods: Experience report that became the practice manual of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics (MaP-CFarmaGeri) of a Brazilian hospital and was structured in three topics (1. Situational diagnosis; 2. Adequacy of the procedure and service provision; 3. Practice exercise). Results: The situational diagnosis comprised the collection of data on the structure of the ward and the epidemiological profile. The pharmaceutical services provided included pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, medication reconciliation and pharmacotherapy review. The certification of the content of this procedure was attested by specialists from a multiprofessional team and the technique served more than 60 patients in practice, with good acceptance by the participants. Final considerations: The MaP-CFarmaGeri proved to be a satisfactory strategy in the implementation of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics and can support this insertion in similar locations.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de implementar la atención farmacéutica en una unidad hospitalaria geriátrica y proponer un protocolo instructivo para la práctica. Métodos: Informe de experiencia que se convirtió en el manual de la práctica de la atención farmacéutica en geriatría (MaP-CFarmaGeri) de un hospital brasileño y se estructuró en tres temas (1. Diagnóstico situacional; 2. Adecuación del procedimiento y prestación del servicio; 3. Ejercicio de práctica). Resultados: El diagnóstico situacional comprendió el relevamiento de datos sobre la estructura de la sala y el perfil epidemiológico. Los servicios farmacéuticos ofrecidos incluyeron seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, conciliación de medicamentos y revisión de farmacoterapia. La certificación del contenido de este procedimiento fue certificada por especialistas de un equipo multidisciplinario y la técnica trató a más de 60 pacientes en la práctica, con buena aceptación por parte de los participantes. Consideraciones finales: El MaP-CFarmaGeri demostró ser una estrategia satisfactoria en la implementación de la atención farmacéutica en geriatría y puede apoyar esta inserción en lugares similares.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da implantação do cuidado farmacêutico em uma unidade hospitalar de geriatria e propor um protocolo instrutivo da prática. Métodos: Relato de experiência que se converteu no manual da prática do cuidado farmacêutico na geriatria (MaP-CFarmaGeri) de um hospital brasileiro e foi estruturado em três tópicos (1. Diagnóstico situacional; 2. Adequação do procedimento e oferta do serviço; 3. Exercício da prática). Resultados: O diagnóstico situacional compreendeu o levantamento dos dados sobre a estrutura da enfermaria e o perfil epidemiológico. Os serviços farmacêuticos ofertados incluíram o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, com a conciliação de medicamentos e a revisão da farmacoterapia. A certificação do conteúdo desse procedimento foi atestada por especialistas de uma equipe multiprofissional e a técnica atendeu mais de 60 pacientes na prática, com boa aceitação dos participantes. Considerações finais: O MaP-CFarmaGeri mostrou ser uma estratégia satisfatória na implantação do cuidado farmacêutico na geriatria e pode amparar essa inserção em locais semelhantes.

5.
São Paulo med. j ; 139(6): 545-555, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352291

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite the several options available for supplements containing vitamins C and E, evidence regarding the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of these vitamins is weak. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamins C and E and associated factors among women of childbearing age, in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: A search from index inception until May 2020 was conducted. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance for fixed models, with summary proportions calculation using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine (base case). Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. RESULTS: Our review identified 12 studies, comprising 1,316 participants, especially breastfeeding women. There was at least one quality weakness in all studies, mainly regarding sampling method (i.e. convenience sampling) and small sample size. The prevalence of vitamin C deficiency ranged from 0% to 40%. Only vitamin E deficiency was synthetized in meta-analyses, with mean prevalences of 6% regardless of the alpha-tocopherol cutoff in plasma, and 5% and 16% for cutoffs of < 1.6-12.0 mmol/l and < 16.2 mmol/l, respectively. The cumulative meta-analysis suggested that a trend to lower prevalence of vitamin E deficiency occurred in recent studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the studies identified in this systematic review had poor methodological and reporting quality, mild-moderate vitamin C and E deficiencies were identified, especially in breastfeeding women. Thus, designing and implementing policies does not seem to be a priority, because the need has not been properly dimensioned among women of childbearing age in Brazil. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: CRD42020221605.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Ascorbic Acid , Vitamins , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Dietary Supplements
6.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 53-60, maio 5, 2021. fig, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1354828

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a segurança é considerada um pilar da qualidade dos cuidados à saúde e seu sucesso depende do comprometimento individual e coletivo, porém, seu ensino é incipiente nas faculdades de medicina brasileiras. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de intervenção sobre segurança do paciente no conhecimento e atitude dos alunos de medicina. Metodologia: conduziu-se o estudo do tipo pré-pós intervenção de janeiro a novembro de 2017. Todos os estudantes de graduação de medicina do 6° ano que realizaram estágio no hospital sob estudo foram incluídos. A intervenção compreendeu acolhimento, aula expositiva, estágio e aplicação de questionário para avaliar conhecimento e atitude sobre erro humano e segurança do paciente, que foi aplicado em 3 momentos: antes da aula e do estágio, imediatamente após a aula e após 15 dias da aula e término do estágio. As notificações de incidentes foram analisadas. Resultados: participaram 98 (100%) estudantes, dos quais 62% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 25,8 anos. Após a intervenção, observou-se melhora significativa no conhecimento sobre a inevitabilidade do erro em saúde e a caracterização do profissional envolvido no incidente. As atitudes autorreferidas melhoraram significativamente em relação à necessidade de apoio institucional, abordagem sistêmica e adoção de práticas seguras para prevenção de erros; comunicação sobre riscos e erros para superiores, paciente e familiares e que apenas os médicos podem analisar os incidentes. Conclusão: a intervenção foi efetiva para aumentar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre cultura de segurança, porém limitou-se na mudança de atitude, pois não evidenciou a notificação de incidentes em saúde.


Background: safety is considered a pillar of the quality of health care and its success depends on individual and collective commitment. However, in Brazilian medical schools there are fewer approaches to teaching this subject. Objective: To evaluate the impact of educational intervention about patient safety on the knowledge and attitude of medical students. Methodology: a pre-post intervention study was conducted from January to November 2017. All 6th year medical students who underwent an internship at the hospital under study were included. The intervention comprised reception, lecture, internship and application of a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude about human error and patient safety, which was applied in 3 moments: before class and internship, immediately after class and before of internship and in the end of the internship. Adverse drug reports were assessed. Results: 98 (100%) students participated, of which 62% were male, with an average age of 25.8 years. After intervention, there was a significant improvement in knowledge about the inevitability of health errors and the characterization of the professional involved in the incident. Self-reported attitudes have significantly improved in relation to the need for institutional support, a systemic approach and the adoption of safe practices to prevent errors; communication about risks and errors to superiors, patient and family and that only doctors can analyze the incidents. Conclusion: the intervention was effective in increasing students' knowledge of safety culture, but was limited to changing attitudes, as it did not show the notification of health incidents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Quality of Health Care , Risk Management , Students, Medical , Patient Safety , Prospective Studies
7.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 28(2): 1-11, 2021-05-18. Ilustraciones
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1362618

ABSTRACT

Background: Despite current policies of salt iodination, iodine deficiency is still a global public health problem, especially in women. So far, conflicting evidence has been suggested for the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases (PubMed, LILACS, WHO, Scopus, and Capes' dissertation and thesis), from inception to May 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using the variance inverse for the fixed model. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to prevalence studies. Results: Our review identified seven studies published between 2002 e 2017, including 1354 participants, especially pregnant women. All studies presented at least one quality limitation, mainly regarding the sampling method (i.e., convenience) and small sample size. The prevalence of iodine deficiency ranged among studies from 16% to 62%. In contrast, the meta-analysis identified a mean prevalence of 40% (95% confidence interval, CI 37%-43%) for pregnant women and 13% (95% CI 4%-24%) for non-pregnant women. Cumulative meta-analysis suggests a tendency of higher iodine deficiency prevalence from 2018 in pregnant women. Conclusions: Although this systematic review identified studies with poor methodological and reporting quality, a high prevalence of iodine deficiency was identified in pregnant women, reinforcing the importance of national nutritional policies for monitoring iodine status in this population. Future studies should consider random probabilistic sampling, appropriate sample size, and pre-defined subgroup analysis to adequately inform the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age and support health policies


Antecedentes: A pesar de las políticas actuales de yodación de la sal, la deficiencia de yodo sigue siendo un problema de salud pública mundial, especialmente en las mujeres. Hasta ahora, se han sugerido pruebas contradictorias sobre la prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo en Brasil. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo y factores asociados en mujeres en edad fértil, en Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática, buscando en PubMed, LILACS, OMS, Scopus y la base de datos de disertaciones y tesis de Capes desde el inicio hasta mayo de 2020. Se realizaron metanálisis de proporciones utilizando la variancia inversa para el modelo fijo. La calidad de información y metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta del Institute Joanna Briggs para estudios de prevalencia. Resultados: Nuestra revisión identificó siete estudios publicados entre 2002 y 2017, incluyendo 1354 participantes, especialmente mujeres embarazadas. Todos los estudios presentaron al menos una limitación de calidad, principalmente con respecto al método de muestreo (es decir, la conveniencia) y el pequeño tamaño de la muestra. La prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo varió entre los estudios del 16% y el 62%, mientras que el metanálisis identificó una prevalencia media del 40% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 37%-43%) para las mujeres embarazadas y del 13% (IC del 95% 4%-24%) para mujeres no embarazadas. El metanálisis acumulativo sugiere una tendencia a una mayor prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo a partir de 2018 en mujeres embarazadas. Conclusiones: Si bien esta revisión sistemática identificó estudios con mala calidad metodológica y de reporte, se identificó una alta prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo en mujeres embarazadas, lo que refuerza la importancia de las políticas nutricionales nacionales para monitorear el estado de yodo en esta población. Los estudios futuros deben considerar el muestreo probabilístico aleatorio, el tamaño de muestra apropiado y el análisis de subgrupos predefinidos para informar adecuadamente la prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo y los factores asociados en mujeres en edad fértil y para respaldar las políticas de salud


Subject(s)
Humans , Iodine Deficiency , Cross-Sectional Studies , Women's Health , Nutritional Epidemiology , Maternal Nutrition
8.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 42: 1-12, 20210101.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223264

ABSTRACT

Background: Prescription of calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) has been considered a trigger with good performance to detect hyperkalemia related to adverse drug events (ADE). However, CPS prescription may underestimate the rate of ADE. Objective: To compare the performance of the serum potassium level (SPL) >5.0mEq/L and CPS triggers in detecting hyperkalemia related to ADE. Design and setting: A six-month cross-sectional study was conducted in a Brazilian medium-complexity public hospital. Methods: SPL Tests with results >5.0mEq/L and the prescriptions of CPS of all patients hospitalized in the internal medicine and infectious diseases wards were used as trigger tools to detect potential ADE. Primary outcome: patients with hyperkalemia related to ADE. Secondary outcomes: effectiveness of treatments and ADE. Variables analyzed were SPL tests, CPS prescriptions, treatments of hyperkalemia and comorbidities. Positive predictive values (PPV) of CPS and SPL triggers were calculated and compared. Results: In total 2,466 SPL tests were assessed, of which 513 were triggered (>5.0mEq/L). The tests triggered 198 patients with hyperkalemia, of whom 121 had hyperkalemia related to ADE (PPV=0.61). In total, 101 CPS prescriptions triggered tests in 35 patients with hyperkalemia, among whom 21 cases were related to ADE (PPV=0.60). SPL detected 204 ADE (PPV=0.40), while CPS prescription detected 22 (PPV=0.21). Seven pharmacological and four non-pharmacological treatments were identified. CPS showed the lowest effectiveness (PPV=0.71). Conclusion: SPL>5.0mEq/L increased the detection of ADE by 9.3-fold, the number of patients tracked with hyperkalemia related to ADE by 5.8-fold, and doubled the performance in detection of ADE in comparison with the prescription of the CPS trigger.

9.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(1): e00060520, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153661

ABSTRACT

O consumo de psicofármacos é considerado um problema de saúde pública devido ao potencial de dependência e ocorrência de eventos adversos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o consumo de psicofármacos dispensados em unidades básicas de saúde de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Conduziu-se um estudo ecológico, com consulta à base de dados Hygia de 2008 a 2012. Foram extraídas as variáveis: psicofármaco dispensado, quantidade dispensada no ano, sexo e faixa etária dos pacientes. Para cada psicofármaco foi calculada a dose diária definida por 1.000 habitantes/dia (DDD/1.000PD), a dose diária definida por 1.000 habitantes/dia considerando-se 75% da população (DDD75%/1.000PD) que retiraram medicamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e a dose diária prescrita (DDP). Comparou-se a taxa de crescimento populacional com a de crescimento do consumo dos medicamentos. Foram identificados 1.577.241 pacientes que retiraram medicamentos no período avaliado, dos quais 287.373 (18,2%) utilizaram pelo menos um sujeito a controle especial. Houve aumento do consumo total dos psicofármacos (DDD/1.000PD), porém, após a comparação com a taxa de crescimento populacional, apenas a da sertralina (p = 0,021), risperidona (p = 0,034) e do clonazepam (p = 0,043) foram superiores. As DDP de sete fármacos estavam maiores que a DDD da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). As discrepâncias entre DDD e DDP podem ser úteis como estratégia para triar pacientes elegíveis ao cuidado farmacêutico, pois podem contribuir na prevenção de morbimortalidade relacionada ao uso de medicamentos.


The consumption of psychotropic drugs is considered a public health problem, due to the potential for addiction and the occurrence of adverse events. In this context, the current study aimed to characterize the consumption of psychotropic medications dispensed in primary healthcare units in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. This ecological study consulted the Hygia database from 2008 to 2012. The following variables were extracted: psychotropic drugs dispensed, amount dispensed per year, and patients' sex and age bracket. For each psychotropic drug, we calculated the defined daily dose per 1,000 inhabitants/day (DDD/1,000PD), defined daily dose per 1,000 inhabitants/day considering 75% of the population (DDD75%/1,000PD) who withdrew medicines through the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), and the prescribed daily dose (PDD). The study compared the population growth rate to the growth in the medicines' consumption. A total of 1,577,241 patients were identified who withdrew medications during the study period, of whom 287,373 (18.2%) used at least one drug subject to special control. There was an increase in the total consumption of psychotropic drugs (DDD/1,000PD), but comparison to the population growth rate showed that only sertraline (p = 0.021), risperidone (p = 0.034), and clonazepam (p = 0.043) presented higher growth rates. The PDD for seven drugs were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) DDD. Identifying discrepancies between DDD and PDD can be useful as a strategy for screening patients eligible for pharmaceutical care, since they can contribute to the prevention of morbidity and mortality related to medications.


El consumo de psicofármacos está considerado un problema de salud pública, debido al potencial de dependencia y ocurrencia de eventos adversos. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el consumo de psicofármacos dispensados en unidades básicas de salud de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, con consulta a la base de datos Hygia de 2008 a 2012. Se extrajeron las variables: psicofármaco dispensado, cantidad dispensada al año, sexo y franja de edad de los pacientes. Para cada psicofármaco se calculó la dosis diaria definida por 1.000 habitantes/día (DDD/1.000PD), la dosis diaria definida por 1.000 habitantes/día, considerándose un 75% de la población (DDD75%/1.000PD) que consiguieron el medicamento por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y la dosis diaria prescrita (DDP). Se comparó la tasa de crecimiento poblacional con la de crecimiento por consumo de medicamentos. Se identificaron a 1.577.241 pacientes que obtuvieron medicamentos durante el período evaluado, entre los cuales 287.373 (18,2%) utilizaron por lo menos uno sujeto a un control especial. Hubo un aumento en el consumo total de los psicofármacos (DDD/1000PD), no obstante, tras la comparación con la tasa de crecimiento poblacional, solamente la de consumo de sertralina (p = 0,021), risperidona (p = 0,034) y del clonazepam (p = 0,043) fueron superiores. Las DDP de siete fármacos eran mayores a la DDD de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Las discrepancias entre DDD y DDP pueden ser útiles como estrategia para triar pacientes elegibles para el cuidado farmacéutico, puesto que pueden contribuir a la prevención de morbimortalidad relacionada con el uso de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage , Brazil , Government Programs
10.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 12(1): 92-47, Abril/2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-1096415

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a redução da extração de água no poço artesiano após a instalação de medidores de vazão em pontos de distribuição hídrica num hospital. Métodos: Conduziu-se estudo piloto de intervenção do tipo antes e depois no Hospital Estadual Américo Brasiliense, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo. A gestão da água iniciou-se em 2010 e realizou-se por meio do monitoramento de sete hidrômetros pré-equipados para sistema de telemetria, com relojoaria mecânica e sistema de turbinas, dos quais quatro foram instalados em 2016. Em março de 2017, foram instalados chuveiros e torneiras para limpeza com redutores de vazão em todo o hospital e arejadores em todas as torneiras para higienização das mãos. Analisou-se o impacto dos acessórios comparando-se a captação de água (m3) do poço artesiano. Estimou-se o retorno financeiro após a implantação das medidas. Resultados: Observou-se redução entre 21% e 42% (600 e 1.444 m³) do total do consumo hídrico e em 8.000 m3 de água por ano na extração do aquífero. Com a economia entre 800 e 1.000 m3 /mês de água, obteve-se retorno dos investimentos em 13 dias da implantação dos acessórios, pois o montante investido para compra e instalação dos equipamentos foi de 10.955 mil reais e a economia advinda da redução do consumo hídrico foi de 24.302 mil reais. Conclusão: A instalação de medidores de vazão é custo-efetiva para economia de água e financeira em hospitais. As melhorias contribuem para aumentar a credibilidade do desenvolvimento de projetos sustentáveis e a viabilidade de investimentos em ações ambientais


Objectives: Assess the reduction of water extraction in the artesian well after installation of flow restrictors in points of hydric distribution in a hospital. Methods: A pilot pre-post interventional study was carried out in Américo Brasiliense Hospital State, localized in the province of São Paulo (Brazil). Water management began in 2010. The monitoring was performed with seven water flow meters with telemetry system, with watchmaking and turbines of which four were installed in 2016. March 2017, flow restrictors on cleaning sinks and showers were installed, as well as aerators for hand basins. The impact of accessories was assessed comparing the water capitation (m3) in artesian well before and after interventions. Financial payback was estimated after implementation of the accessories. Results: Total hydric consumption decrease by 21% a 42% (600 a 1,444 m³) and reduced the extraction of aquifer in 8,000 m3 of water/year. With the aid of approximately 1,000 m3/month of water economy, the hospital had payback thirteen days after the implementation of the accessories, since the valor invested buy and install of the equipment was R$ 10.955,00 reais and the save regarding the decrease of hydric consume was R$ 24.302,00 reais. Conclusion: Flow restrictors installation in critical points of hydric distribution is cost-effective to reduce water consumption and costs in hospitals. Improvements performed contribute to raise the credibility of sustainability projects and the viability of investment in environmental actions.


Subject(s)
Program Evaluation , Water Resources Planning , Hospital Administration
12.
Clinics ; 74: e1143, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019698

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate adherence to the therapeutic prophylaxis protocol for venous thromboembolism (VTE) as well as the costs of this practice. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at a State General Hospital in Brazil through reports of drug dispensions, prescriptions and risk stratification of patients. Adherence to the VTE prophylaxis protocol was monitored. The tests for VTE diagnosis measured the adherence to therapeutic prophylaxis treatment, and the purchase prices of the drugs went into the calculation of drug therapy costs. The level of adherence to prescriptions for VTE prophylaxis in the hospital was classified as "adherence", "non-adherence" and "justified non-adherence" when compared with the protocol. RESULTS: Protocol adherence was observed for 50 (30.9%) patients, and non-adherence was observed for 63 (38.9%) patients, generating an additional cost of $180.40/month. Justified non-adherence in 49 (30.2%) patients generated $514.71/month in savings due to a reduction in the number of daily administrations of unfractionated heparin while still providing an effective method for preventing VTE. Twenty-six patients stratified as having medium to high risk of VTE who did not receive prophylaxis were identified, generating $154.41 in savings. However, these data should be evaluated with caution since the risks and outcomes associated with not preventing VTE outweigh the economy achieved from not prescribing a drug when a patient needs it. The only case of VTE identified during the study period was related to justified non-adherence to the protocol. CONCLUSION: The protocol is based on scientific evidence that describes an effective therapy to prevent VTE. However, the protocol should be updated because the justifications for non-adherence are based on scientific evidence, and this justified non-adherence generates savings and yields effective disease prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heparin/economics , Venous Thromboembolism/economics , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/economics , Anticoagulants/economics , Brazil , Heparin/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
13.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 51(1): 55-68, jan.-mar., 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-980779

ABSTRACT

Modelo do estudo: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura e discussão com profissionais especialistas. Objetivo: Propor a lista de medicações, diluente e volume de diluição, para o uso por hipodermóclise, a pacientes acima de 18 anos Método: Com base em diretrizes Prisma, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados MEDLINE através do portal Pubmed e pela biblioteca virtual SCIELO, utilizando os descritores: infusions; subcutaneous; palliative care; hospice; palliative care nursing e as palavra-chave hypodermoclysis e off-label use, seus correspondentes em português e seus cruzamentos. Os artigos encontrados foram analisados a partir do instrumento AMSTAR, seguido de discussão com profissionais de formação avançada em CP. Resultados: Dos artigos foram extraídas as seguintes variáveis: medicamentos administrados por hipodermóclise, veículo e volume de diluição, tempo de infusão, forma de administração (continua e em bolus), além de observações referentes à administração em sítio único e concentração máxima. A partir destas variáveis elaborou-se síntese em relação às medicações a serem utilizadas. Conclusões: Chegou-se a uma lista de medicações, dosagem, volume de diluição e diluente. Os resultados encontrados na literatura foram discutidos em processo dialógico e convergente, pelos profissionais de enfermagem, medicina e farmácia. Sendo assim, esta lista possui perfil replicável para outros serviços com cuidados paliativos ou que utilizam a via hipodermóclise. (AU)


Study Design: Systematic Literature Review and discussion with professional experts. Objective: To propose a list of medications, diluents and dilution volumes for use with hypodermoclysis, to patients over 18 years of age. Methods: Based on Prism guidelines, bibliographic survey in the MEDLINE database through the PubMed portal and the SCIELO virtual library, through the descriptors: infusions; subcutaneous; palliative care; hospice; palliative care nursing the keywords hypodermoclysis and off-label use. Their correspondents in Portuguese and their crosses were considered. The items found were analyzed from the AMSTAR instrument, followed by discussion with professionals in advanced training in CP. Results: The following variables were extracted from the articles: medications given through hypodermoclysis, vehicle and dilution volume, time of infusion, form of administration (continuous and bolus), as well as observations referring to single site administration and maximum concentration. From these variables, synthesis was elaborated in relation to the medications to be used. Conclusions: There was a list of medications, dosage, dilution volume and diluents. The results found in the literature were discussed in a dialogical and convergent process, by a nurse, physicians and a pharmacist. Thus, this list has a replicable profile for other services with palliative care or using the hypodermoclysis approach. (AU)


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Drug Therapy , Hypodermoclysis
14.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 52: e03346, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-956697

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose was to identify the barriers of underreporting, the factors that promote motivation of health professionals to report, and strategies to enhance incidents reporting. Method Group conversations were carried out within a hospital multidisciplinary team. A mediator stimulated reflection among the subjects about the theme. Sixty-five health professionals were enrolled. Results Complacency and ambition were barriers exceeded. Lack of responsibility about culture of reporting was the new barrier observed. There is a belief only nurses should report incidents. The strategies related to motivation reported were: feedback; educational intervention with hospital staff; and simplified tools for reporting (electronic or manual), which allow filling critical information and traceability of management risk team to improve the quality of report. Conclusion Ordinary and practical strategies should be developed to optimize incidents reporting, to make people aware about their responsibilities about the culture of reporting and to improve the risk communication and the quality of healthcare and patient safety.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as barreiras da subnotificação, os fatores que motivam o relato e as estratégias para promover os registros de incidentes. Método Por meio de rodas de conversas e a presença de um mediador, a equipe multidisciplinar do hospital, composta por 65 profissionais, foi estimulada a falar sobre tema. Resultado Complacência e ambição são barreiras superadas. Falta de responsabilidade sobre notificação foi a nova barreira observada. Há uma crença de que apenas a enfermagem é responsável pela notificação. Conclusão As estratégias para motivar os registros foram retornos das notificações relatadas (feedback), intervenções educativas na equipe de saúde, ferramentas simplificadas para notificação (manual ou eletrônica), com informações mínimas necessárias para a equipe de saúde otimizar o processo e o tempo de notificação. Para a garantia da qualidade do relato, a equipe de gerenciamento da segurança poderia melhorar ou complementar o relato.


RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las barreras de la subnotificación, los factores que motivan el relato y las estrategias para promover los registros de incidentes. Método Mediante ruedas de conversación y la presencia de un mediador, el equipo multidisciplinario del hospital, compuesto de 65 profesionales, fue estimulado a hablar acerca del tema. Resultado Complacencia y ambición son barreras superadas. Falta de responsabilidad acerca de la notificación fue la nueva barrera observada. Existe una creencia de que solo la enfermería es responsable de la notificación. Conclusión Las estrategias para motivar los registros fueron retornos de las notificaciones relatadas (feedback), intervenciones educativas en el equipo sanitario, herramientas simplificadas para notificación (manual o electrónica), con informaciones mínimas necesarias para que el equipo sanitario optimice el proceso y el tiempo de notificación. Para la garantía de la calidad del relato, el equipo de gestión de la seguridad podría mejorar o complementar el relato.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Safety Management , Pharmacovigilance , Patient Safety
15.
Clinics ; 72(1): 51-57, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840036

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Most educational interventions in pharmacovigilance are designed to encourage physicians to report adverse drug reactions. However, multidisciplinary teams may play an important role in reporting drug-related problems. This study assessed the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention in pharmacovigilance on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of hospital professionals. METHOD: This prospective, open-label, non-randomized study was performed in a medium-complexity hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The intervention involved four activities: 1) an interactive lecture, 2) a practical class, 3) a pre-post questionnaire administered to professionals on a multidisciplinary team, and 4) educational material. The intervention’s impact on the professionals’ knowledge and skills was assessed using the World Health Organization’s definitions. The intervention’s effect on the professionals’ attitudes was analysed by the prevalence of adverse drug event reports (adverse drug reactions, medication errors, therapeutic failure and drug quality deviations) and the relevance (seriousness and expectancy) of the events. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-three professionals were enrolled. A 70-fold increase in the number of adverse drug event reports was observed during the 12 months post-intervention. The intervention improved the professionals’ form-completion skills (p<0.0001) and their knowledge of pharmacovigilance (p<0.0001). The intervention also contributed to detecting serious drug-induced events. The nursing staff reported medication errors, and pharmacists and physiotherapists recognized serious adverse drug reactions. Physicians communicated suspicions of therapeutic failure. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach to drug-safety assessments contributes to identifying new, relevant drug-related problems and improving the rate of adverse drug event reporting. This strategy may therefore be applied to improve risk communication in hospitals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team/statistics & numerical data , Professional Practice/statistics & numerical data , Attitude of Health Personnel , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Education, Continuing , Pharmacovigilance , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 48(4): 739-747, 08/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-725791

ABSTRACT

Objective: Identifying the main causes for underreporting of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) by health professionals. Method: A systematic review carried out in the following databases: LILACS, PAHO, SciELO, EMBASE and PubMed in the period between 1992 and 2012. Descriptors were used in the search for articles, and the identified causes of underreporting were analyzed according to the classification of Inman. Results: In total, were identified 149 articles, among which 29 were selected. Most studies were carried out in hospitals (24/29) for physicians (22/29), and pharmacists (10/29). The main causes related to underreporting were ignorance (24/29), insecurity (24/29) and indifference (23/29). Conclusion: The data show the eighth sin in underreporting, which is the lack of training in pharmacovigilance. Therefore, continuing education can increase adherence of professionals to the service and improve knowledge and communication of risks due to drug use.
.


Objetivo: Identificar as causas de subnotificação de Reação Adversa a Medicamento (RAM) por profissionais da saúde. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PAHO, SciELO, EMBASE e PubMed, cujo período de abrangência foi de 1992 a 2012. Foram utilizados descritores para buscar os artigos. As causas de subnotificação de RAM identificadas foram analisadas de acordo com a classificação de Inman. Resultados: Identificaram-se 149 artigos, dos quais 29 foram considerados elegíveis. A maioria dos estudos foi conduzida em hospitais (24/29), para médicos (22/29) e farmacêuticos (10/29). As principais causas relacionadas à subnotificação observadas foram: a ignorância (24/29), a insegurança (24/29) e a indiferença (23/29). Conclusão: Os dados evidenciam o oitavo pecado da subnotificação, que é a falta de formação em farmacovigilância. Assim, a educação permanente pode aumentar a adesão dos profissionais ao serviço e melhorar o conhecimento e a comunicação dos riscos associados ao uso de medicamentos.
.


Objetivo: Identificar las causas de la subnotificación de la Reacción Adversa a Medicamento (RAM) por profesionales de la salud. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, PAHO, SciELO, EMBASE y PubMed, cuyo período de revisión fue de 1992 a 2012. Se utilizaron descriptores para buscar los artículos. Las causas de subnotificación identificadas fueron analizadas de acuerdo con la clasificación de Inman. Resultados: Se identificaron 149 artículos, de los cuales 29 fueron seleccionados. La mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados en hospitales (24/29) para médicos (22/29) y farmacéuticos (10/29). Las principales causas relacionadas a la subnotificación observadas fueron: la ignorancia (24/29), la inseguridad (24/29) y la indiferencia (23/29). Conclusión: Los datos evidencian el octavo pecado de la subnotificación, que es la falta de formación en farmacovigilancia. Por lo tanto, la educación continua puede aumentar la adhesión de los profesionales al servicio y mejorar el conocimiento y la comunicación de riesgos del uso de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/statistics & numerical data , Health Personnel
17.
Clinics ; 69(3): 163-167, 3/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703602

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Drug safety problems can lead to hospital admission. In Brazil, the prevalence of hospitalization due to adverse drug events is unknown. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hospitalization due to adverse drug events and to identify the drugs, the adverse drug events, and the risk factors associated with hospital admissions. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in the internal medicine ward of a teaching hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil, from August to December 2008. All patients aged ≥18 years with a length of stay ≥24 hours were interviewed about the drugs used prior to hospital admission and their symptoms/complaints/causes of hospitalization. RESULTS: In total, 248 patients were considered eligible. The prevalence of hospitalization due to potential adverse drug events in the ward was 46.4%. Overprescribed drugs and those indicated for prophylactic treatments were frequently associated with possible adverse drug events. Frequently reported symptoms were breathlessness (15.2%), fatigue (12.3%), and chest pain (9.0%). Polypharmacy was a risk factor for the occurrence of possible adverse drug events. CONCLUSION: Possible adverse drug events led to hospitalization in a high-complexity hospital, mainly in polymedicated patients. The clinical outcomes of adverse drug events are nonspecific, which delays treatment, hinders causality analysis, and contributes to the underreporting of cases. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric
18.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(2): 269-284, Apr-Jun/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722184

ABSTRACT

Certain medicines are considered potentially inappropriate (PIM) for elderly people as they increase the risk of adverse drug events (ADE) and because safer alternative therapies are available on the market. In this context, in order to identify the instruments that assess the quality of medical prescriptions for elderly and to determine which drugs are considered PIM, a bibliographic survey was conducted in PUBMED, LILACS and PAHO databases, in February and March/2010. The search strategy included the use of health descriptors and a manual search in the references cited by selected papers. During the period of data collection, 15 instruments were identified. In 2012, with the publication of the update of Beers criteria, this instrument was included in the study. We identified 163 PIM of 25 therapeutic classes, of which 125 (76.7%) are marketed in Brazil. Of these, 31 (24.8%) are essential medicines (RENAME 2012), of which 13 have safer therapeutic equivalents and 19 (15.2%) are over-the-counter drugs. Data suggest the need for inclusion of safer alternatives for the elderly in the national list of essential medicines and the pharmaceutical care for early detection of ADE in this age group, in order to contribute to the safe use of medicines.


Determinados medicamentos são considerados potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos, por aumentarem o risco de ocorrência de eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) e por existirem alternativas terapêuticas mais seguras. Neste contexto, com o intuito de identificar os instrumentos que avaliam a qualidade das prescrições médicas para idosos e verificar quais medicamentos são considerados MPI, levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e PAHO em fevereiro e março de 2010. Para a seleção dos manuscritos utilizaram-se descritores em saúde e busca manual nas referências bibliográficas dos artigos identificados. No período da coleta de dados, foram identificados 15 instrumentos. Em 2012, com a publicação da atualização da lista de Beers, este instrumento foi incluído no estudo. Foram identificados 163 MPI de 25 classes terapêuticas, dos quais 125 (76,7%) são comercializados no Brasil. Destes, 31 (24,8%) são medicamentos essenciais (RENAME 2012), sendo que para 13 deles há equivalentes terapêuticos mais seguros e 19 (15,2%) são medicamentos isentos de prescrição. Os dados sugerem a necessidade de inclusão de medicamentos mais seguros para idosos na lista nacional de medicamentos essenciais e do monitoramento farmacoterapêutico para a detecção precoce de EAM nesta faixa etária para contribuir com o uso seguro de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Drug Prescriptions/classification , Aged , Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control , Risk Assessment/classification , Drug and Narcotic Control/methods , /ethics
19.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-672221

ABSTRACT

As interações medicamentosas (IM) são consideradas um problema de saúde pública, pois podem causar resultados negativos à saúde dos usuários de medicamentos. Portanto o referido trabalho teve como objetivos: estimar a prevalência de internações hospitalares relacionadas a Potenciais IM (PIM); identificar os sinais e sintomas, e os fatores de risco para a hospitalização relacionados à PIM. Metodologia: Realizou-se estudo transversal na clínica geral de um hospital privado do interior de São Paulo (Brasil), em maio de 2006, com pacientes acima de 18 anos, com tempo de hospitalização superior a 24horas, sendo os mesmos entrevistados sobre os sintomas/motivos de internação e os medicamentos que haviam utilizado previamente à hospitalização. Calculou-se Odds-ratio para identificar fatores de risco, sendo encontrado os seguintes resultados: 168 pacientes utilizando mais de um medicamento, dos quais 57 apresentaram PIM, sendo que em 17(10,1%), os sinais e sintomas da PIM possivelmente foram a causa da hospitalização. A maioria das manifestações clínicas das PIM foram sintomas cardiovasculares (44,3%), gastrintestinais (17,2%) e musculoesqueléticos (13,8%) e 10% das PIM foram consideradas potencialmente perigosas. Não foram detectados fatores de risco relacionados ao gênero, idade, uso de medicamentos de estreita faixa terapêutica para hospitalização por PIM. A polimedicação foi fator de risco para ocorrência de PIM (p<0,0001) opostamente ao aumento da idade que revelou ser um fator de proteção (p=0,02). Conclusão: Se faz necessário seguimento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes que utilizam fármacos de estreita faixa terapêutica, pois estas substâncias estão frequentemente envolvidas em IM perigosas.


Drug-drug interactions (DDI) are considered a public health problem, since they may be the cause of negative outcomes for drug users. Research objectives: 1) estimate the prevalence of hospital admissions arising from potential DDI; 2) identify the signs and symptoms of, as well as risk factors for hospitalization related to, potential DDI. A cross-sectional study was performed in the general clinic of a private hospital in upstate São Paulo, in May 2006, focusing on patients over 18 years old, hospitalized for more than 24 hours, who were interviewed about their symptoms, reasons for hospitalization and the drugs taken prior to hospitalization. The odds ratio was calculated in order to identify risk factors. Results: 168 patients had taken more than one drug, of whom 57 showed potential DDI and, in 17 (10.1%), the signs and symptoms of DDI were probably the reason for hospitalization. The most frequent clinical manifestations of potential DDI were disorders in the cardiovascular (44.3%), digestive (17.2%) and musculoskeletal (13.8%) systems and 10% of the DDI identified were considered potentially hazardous. Risk factors for DDI-motivated hospitalization related to gender, age or the use of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range were not detected. Polypharmacy (p<0.0001) was a determining factor for DDI; conversely, old age was a protection factor (p=0.02). Conclusion: pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of patients who use drugs with a narrow therapeutic range is essential, since these drugs are often involved in hazardous DDI. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up is also recommended for polymedicated patients, to prevent hospitalization arising from avoidable DDI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Drug Interactions , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization
20.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 48(3): 477-485, July-Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653462

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of elderly using potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and with occurrence of potentially hazardous drug interactions (PHDI); to identify the risk factors for the prescription of PIM and to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical intervention (PI) for the prescription of safer therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed in a long-term care facility in São Paulo State, between December/2010 and January/2011. The medical records of the patients >60 years old who took any drugs were consulted to assess the pharmacotherapeutic safety of the medical prescriptions, in order to identify PIM and PHDI, according to the Beers (2003) and World Health Organization criteria, respectively. PI consisted of a guidance letter to the physician responsible for the institution, with the suggestions of safer equivalent therapeutics. Approximately 88% of the elderly took at least one drug, and for 30% of them the PIM had been prescribed. Most of the PIM identified (53.4%) act on the central nervous system. Among the 13 different DI detected, 6 are considered PHDI. Polypharmacy was detected as a risk factor for PIM prescription. After the PI there was no change in medical prescriptions of patients who had been prescribed PIM or PHDI. The data suggests that PI performed by letter, as the only interventional, method was ineffective. To contribute it a wide dissemination of PIM and PHDI among prescriber professionals is necessary for the selection of safer treatment for elderly. Additionally, a pharmacist should be part of the health care team in order to help promote rational use of medicines.


O presente estudo teve como objetivos estimar a prevalência de idosos em uso de medicamentos potencialmente impróprios (MPI) e com ocorrência de interações medicamentosas potencialmente perigosas (IMPP); identificar os fatores de risco para a prescrição de MPI e avaliar o impacto de intervenção farmacêutica (IF) para a prescrição de alternativas terapêuticas mais seguras. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo transversal em instituição de longa permanência do interior de São Paulo, de dezembro/2010 a janeiro/ 2011. Os prontuários médicos dos pacientes >60 anos e que utilizavam pelo menos um medicamento foram consultados para avaliar a segurança farmacoterapêutica das prescrições médicas, identificando-se os MPI e as IMPP, segundo critérios de Beers (2003) e o critério da Organização Mundial da Saúde, respectivamente. A IF constou de carta de orientação ao médico da instituição, com sugestão de equivalentes terapêuticos mais seguros. Aproximadamente 88% dos idosos haviam utilizado pelo menos um medicamento e, para 30% deles, havia pelo menos um MPI prescrito. A maioria dos MPI identificados (53,4%) age no sistema nervoso central. Entre as 13 interações medicamentosas detectadas, 6 são consideradas IMPP. A polimedicação foi detectada como fator de risco para a prescrição de MPI. Após a IF, não houve alterações nas prescrições médicas dos pacientes que apresentavam MPI e IMPP prescritos. Os dados sugerem que IF realizadas por cartas, como único método interventivo, não são efetivas. Para contribuir com a seleção de farmacoterapia mais segura para idosos é necessária ampla divulgação dos MPI e IMPP entre os profissionais prescritores. Além disso, o farmacêutico deve fazer parte das equipes de saúde para auxiliar na promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged/statistics & numerical data , Drug Evaluation , Prescriptions/classification , Health Centers , Safety Management , Prescription Drug Misuse/statistics & numerical data
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